Prioridades nacionales de investigación en salud bucal, Perú 2022-2026: proceso, experiencias y perspectivas / National priorities for oral health research, Peru 2022-2026: process, experiences and perspectives

El Instituto Nacional de Salud, ha llevado a cabo por primera vez el proceso de identificación de Prioridades Nacionales de Investigación en Salud Bucal a cargo de la Subdirección de Investigación y Laboratorios de Enfermedades No Transmisibles del Centro Nacional de Salud Pública con la asesoría técnica de la Dirección de Investigación e Innovación en Salud y en coordinación con la Dirección Ejecutiva de Salud Bucal de la Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas en Salud Pública del Ministerio de Salud mediante metodología participativa de tres actores claves: investigadores/especialistas, expertos y decisores. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso seguido para la identificación de estas prioridades, el cual comprendió cinco fases: i) identificación de objetivos estratégicos del MINSA, ii) identificación de necesidades de investigación en salud bucal, iii) revisión por expertos y valoración de las necesidades según criterios, iv) priorización (valoración de la lista de prioridades según calificación) y v) presentación de las prioridades. Como resultado se obtuvieron las 12 prioridades que posteriormente fueron aprobadas por Resolución Ministerial N.° 262-2022/MINSA, con un periodo de vigencia 2022-2026. Además, se brindaron recomendaciones para futuros procesos.

The National Institute of Health has, for the first time, identified National Priorities for Oral Health Research, this process was carried out by the Subdirectorate of Research and Laboratories of Noncommunicable Diseases of the National Center for Public Health with the technical advice of the Directorate of Research and Innovation in Health and in coordination with the Executive Directorate of Oral Health of the General Directorate of Strategic Interventions in Public Health of the Ministry of Health, using a participatory methodology with three key actors: researchers/specialists, experts and decision-makers. This article aims to describe the process used to identify these priorities, which consisted of five phases: i) identification of the strategic objectives of the Ministry of Health, ii) identification of needs in oral health research, iii) review by experts and assessment of needs according to criteria and v) presentation of the priorities. As a result, 12 priorities were obtained, which were subsequently approved by Ministerial Resolution No. 262-2022/MINSA, for a period of 2022-2026. In addition, we provide recommendations for future processes.

A research intelligence approach to assess the research impact of the Dutch university medical centres.

BACKGROUND: The way in which research impact is evaluated and assessed has long been under debate. In recent years the focus is moving away from the use of numerical indicators, towards an emphasis on narratives. The Dutch university medical centres (UMCs) have a long-standing tradition of using bibliometric indicators. Because of the declining interest in indicators alone, this study was designed to repurpose bibliometrics to answer specific strategic questions. In this article we discuss the strategic and policy-based questions, the methodology we used in uncovering relevant information and conclusions we draw from the analyses we performed. The aim of this article is to inform a broader audience about the potential applications of bibliometric information to support a new form of research intelligence. METHODS: In this study we used a curated set of publications from the UMCs. We performed different bibliometric analyses and used bibliometric visualization tools to shed light on research focus, open science practices, collaboration, societal impact and scientific impact. RESULTS: The analyses allowed us to visualize and contextualize the research focus of the UMCs as a whole, but also to show specific focus areas of each UMC. The UMCs are active in the full spectrum of biomedical research, and at the same time are very complementary to each other. Furthermore, we were able to show the development of open access of UMC publications over time, to support the national mission. Visualizing collaboration is a powerful way of showing both the international orientation and the regional and national engine function of UMCs in research. We were able to assess societal impact by looking at the different channels in which publications find their way to societally relevant sources such as news media, policy documents and guidelines. Finally, we assessed scientific impact and put this into an international perspective. CONCLUSIONS: Research intelligence is able to transform bibliometric information by interpretation and annotation into highly relevant insights that can be used for several different strategic purposes and for research impact assessment in general.

Nurses as agents for achieving environmentally sustainable health systems: A bibliometric analysis.

AIM: To analyse the current scientific knowledge and research lines focused on environmentally sustainable health systems, including the role of nurses. BACKGROUND: There seem to be differences between creating interventions focused on environmentally sustainable health systems, including nurses, and the scarcity of research on this topic, framed on the Sustainable Development Goals. METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was carried out, via three databases (Web of Science, Scopus and Pubmed), and the guideline recommendations were followed to select bibliometric data. RESULTS: The search resulted in 159 publications, significantly increasing the trends from 2017 to 2021 (p = .028). The most relevant countries in this area were the United States, the United Kingdom and Sweden. Also, the top articles were from relevant journals, indexed in Journal Citation Report, and the first and the second quartiles linked to the nursing field and citations (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Education is key to achieving environmentally sustainable health systems via institutions and policies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: There is a lack of experimental data and policies on achieving or maintaining environmentally sustainable health care systems, indicating that nurses have an important role and should be consulted and included in decision-making policies regarding sustainability in the health care systems.

The international data governance landscape.

As the adoption of digital health accelerates health research increasingly relies on large quantities of biomedical data. Research institutions scattered across a large number of jurisdictions collaborate in producing and analyzing biomedical big data. National data protection legislation, for its part, grows increasingly complex and localized. To respond to heterogeneous legal requirements arising in numerous jurisdictions, decentralized health consortia must develop scalable organizational and 6 technological arrangements that enable data flows across jurisdictional boundaries. In this article, proposals are made to enable health sector organisations to align established biomedical ethics process and data analysis practices to shifting data protection norms through both public law co-regulation, private law tools, and design-oriented approaches.

Comportamiento de la pesquisa activa estudiantil en el Policlínico Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy

Introducción: En la prevención de la COVID-19, es clave la pesquisa activa a la población, esta actividad no solo deberá estar encaminada a la detección precoz de casos sospechosos, sino también debe constituir una herramienta de comunicación. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la pesquisa activa estudiantil para el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 en el Policlínico Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy de la provincia Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, en el consultorio fueron ubicados ocho estudiantes, se tuvo en cuenta el requisito de vivir dentro o cercano a él, se excluyeron los estudiantes que participaron en los centros de aislamiento o zona roja, además de las embarazadas o aquellos que presentaron alguna enfermedad que le impidiera participar en la pesquisa; la muestra estuvo constituida por 437 viviendas y una población de 1 071 habitantes. Resultados: Predominaron los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina. Se observó superioridad del sexo femenino en la población pesquisada. El 45,7 % de la población teníariesgos a la enfermedad, con significación del sexo femenino, la hipertensión arterial estaba presente en el 52,5 % de los pesquisados, seguida de la diabetes. Entre los síntomas predominaron la tos, secreción nasal y fiebre. Se reportaron 13 positivos, del grupo de edades entre 20 a 39 años, el más representativo con siete pacientes y en cuanto al sexonueve féminas; la mayor cantidad de positivos correspondieron al mes de febrero con 10 para un 76,9 %. Conclusiones: La pesquisa realizada por los estudiantes permitió identificar los síntomas y signos relacionados con la COVID-19, en cada de uno de los pacientes sospechosos y específicamente los vulnerables, garantizando un diagnóstico precoz para la debida atención de la enfermedad.

Introduction: In the prevention of COVID-19, active search of the population is key, this activity should not only be aimed at the early detection of suspected cases, but should also be a communication tool. Objective: To describe the experiences of the student active search developed in the Dr. Mario Muñoz Monroy Teaching Polyclinic, in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Office, 8 students were located, taking into account the requirement to live in or near it, students who participated in isolation centers or red zones were excluded, in addition to pregnant women or those who had a disease that prevented them from participating in the research; the sample consisted of 437 dwellings and a population of 1,071 inhabitants. Results: Predominance of the students of the Medicine career was observed. A superiority of the female sex was observed in the surveyed population. The 45.7% of the population has risks to the disease, with significance of the female sex, arterial hypertension is presented in 52.5% of those surveyed, followed by diabetes. Among the symptoms, cough, runny nose and fever predominated. 13 positives were reported, being the age group between 20 to 39 years, the most representative with 7 patients, and in terms of sex 9 females; the largest number of positives belongs to the month of February with 10 (76.9%). Conclusions: The research carried out by the students made it possible to identify the symptoms and signs related to COVID-19, in each of the suspected patients and specifically the vulnerable ones, guaranteeing an early diagnosis for proper care of the disease.

A decade of Ecuador´s efforts to raise its health research output: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Over the past decade, the political movement called 'Revolución Ciudadana' implemented a variety of policies and interventions (P&I) in Ecuador to improve higher education and strengthen local research capacity. We refer specifically to the 'Mandato 14' and the Higher Education Law (LOES, Spanish acronym) launched in 2008 and 2010, respectively. Objective: To assess the impact of these P&I (Mandato 14/LOES) on the production of health sciences-related articles (HSRA), and the relationship of these HSRA with the country's health priorities. Methods: A Scopus search was performed to retrieve HSRA published from 1999 to 2017. Bivariate analysis was used to assess variation between the period I (1999-2008) and period II (2009-2017). Further, we examined the association between the top 10 causes of mortality and the total HSRA output. Results: The final study sample consisted of 2784 articles. After 2008, Ecuadorian production of HSRA increased steadily from 671 to 2133 publications (p<.001). Overall (1999-2017), the most common study design was cross-sectional (32.3%), the primary research focus was in the clinical-surgical area (49.3%), and the academic institutions were the primary drivers of scientific production during period II (56.9% vs. 29.5%, p<.001). Further, we found a decrease in the production of randomized controlled trials (6.7% vs. 1.8%, p<.001). Only 9% of research production involved the primary causes of mortality, and the proportion has remained unchanged over time (8.2% vs. 9.3%, p>.05). Conclusions: Ecuadorian HSRA output increased significantly after 2008. This larger volume of scientific output could be the result to the Mandato 14/LOES implemented in the last decade. However, a low percentage of HSRA are dedicated to addressing the country's health priorities. Proper planning, execution and monitoring of national health research agendas would reduce the mismatch between health burden and the HSRA output in Ecuador and other low-and middle-income countries.

El estado del sistema de evaluación ética de las investigaciones en Argentina y su adaptación a la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Research ethics review system state in Argentina and the adaptation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN un sistema de evaluación ética de las investigaciones en seres humanos es esencial para proteger los derechos de los participantes. Los desafíos impuestos por la pandemia de la COVID-19 para conducir investigaciones éticas que produzcan resultados con rapidez demuestran la necesidad de fortalecerlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el estado de situación de los sistemas de evaluación ética de las provincias de Argentina y las adaptaciones realizadas por la pandemia. MÉTODOS se realizó una encuesta a los comités provinciales de ética en investigación o áreas similares de los ministerios de Salud que ejercen la vigilancia sobre la evaluación ética de las investigaciones de su jurisdicción. RESULTADOS respondieron 16 de las 17 provincias encuestadas. El 93,7% de los comités provinciales evalúa investigaciones en seres humanos y tiene procedimientos operativos estandarizados (POE). El 68,7% lleva un registro de los comités de ética en investigación (CEI) de su jurisdicción. Un 75% acredita a los CEI y un 68,7% los supervisa. El 100% tiene un registro de las investigaciones en salud; en 56,2% de los casos este registro es público. Del total, 81,2% realizan actividades de capacitación. El 100% adaptó los POE para evaluar estudios sobre la COVID-19. DISCUSIÓN los resultados muestran sistemas provinciales consolidados. Se requiere fortalecer la transparencia en la investigación mediante el registro público de las investigaciones. Se identificaron posibilidades de mejora para proponer acciones a futuro.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION a research ethics system is essential to protect the rights of research participants. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct research ethically to produce rapid results have demonstrated the need to strengthen this system. The objective of this study was to describe the state of the research ethics system of the Provinces of Argentina and the adaptations made due to the pandemic. METHOD: a survey was conducted with provincial research ethics committees or similar areas within the Ministries of Health of the provinces responsible for the oversight of research ethics review under their jurisdiction. RESULTS sixteen of the 17 provinces surveyed responded. 93.7% of the provincial committees review human research and have standard operating procedures (SOPs). 68.7% register the research ethics committees (REC) in their jurisdiction. Seventy-five percent accredit RECs and 68.7% supervise them. 100% have a registry of health research in the jurisdiction, only 56.2% have public access. 81.2% carry out training activities. 100% adapted the SOPs to evaluate studies on COVID-19. DISCUSSION the results show consolidated provincial systems. Transparency in research needs to be strengthened through public registration of research. Possibilities for improvement were identified to propose future actions.

El estado del sistema de evaluación ética de las investigaciones en Argentina y su adaptación a la pandemia de la COVID-19 / Research ethics review system state in Argentina and the adaptation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

INTRODUCCIÓN: un sistema de evaluación ética de las investigaciones en seres humanos es esencial para proteger los derechos de los participantes. Los desafíos impuestos por la pandemia de la COVID-19 para conducir investigaciones éticas que produzcan resultados con rapidez demuestran la necesidad de fortalecerlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el estado de situación de los sistemas de evaluación ética de las provincias de Argentina y las adaptaciones realizadas por la pandemia. MÉTODOS: se realizó una encuesta a los comités provinciales de ética en investigación o áreas similares de los ministerios de Salud que ejercen la vigilancia sobre la evaluación ética de las investigaciones de su jurisdicción. RESULTADOS: respondieron 16 de las 17 provincias encuestadas. El 93,7% de los comités provinciales evalúa investigaciones en seres humanos y tiene procedimientos operativos estandarizados (POE). El 68,7% lleva un registro de los comités de ética en investigación (CEI) de su jurisdicción. Un 75% acredita a los CEI y un 68,7% los supervisa. El 100% tiene un registro de las investigaciones en salud; en 56,2% de los casos este registro es público. Del total, 81,2% realizan actividades de capacitación. El 100% adaptó los POE para evaluar estudios sobre la COVID-19. DISCUSIÓN: los resultados muestran sistemas provinciales consolidados. Se requiere fortalecer la transparencia en la investigación mediante el registro público de las investigaciones. Se identificaron posibilidades de mejora para proponer acciones a futuro

INTRODUCTION: a research ethics system is essential to protect the rights of research participants. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct research ethically to produce rapid results have demonstrated the need to strengthen this system. The objective of this study was to describe the state of the research ethics system of the Provinces of Argentina and the adaptations made due to the pandemic. METHOD: a survey was conducted with provincial research ethics committees or similar areas within the Ministries of Health of the provinces responsible for the oversight of research ethics review under their jurisdiction. RESULTS: sixteen of the 17 provinces surveyed responded. 93.7% of the provincial committees review human research and have standard operating procedures (SOPs). 68.7% register the research ethics committees (REC) in their jurisdiction. Seventy-five percent accredit RECs and 68.7% supervise them. 100% have a registry of health research in the jurisdiction, only 56.2% have public access. 81.2% carry out training activities. 100% adapted the SOPs to evaluate studies on COVID-19. DISCUSSION: the results show consolidated provincial systems. Transparency in research needs to be strengthened through public registration of research. Possibilities for improvement were identified to propose future actions.

Prioridades, conquistas e desafios na gestão de uma comissão da Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva / Priorities, achievements, and challenges in the management of a committee of the Brazilian Association of Collective Health

RESUMO Dando continuidade a iniciativas para tornar a Comissão de Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde da Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Abrasco) mais inclusiva e plural, como o ciclo de simpósios na gestão 2014-2016, a experiência de gestão nessa Comissão no período de 2017-2019 é apresentada com o objetivo de destacar suas prioridades, conquistas e desafios. Uma análise documental de planos diretores e registros de atividades promovidas pela Comissão em eventos científicos foi conduzida, resultando na divisão do texto em três partes: uma análise comparativa de seu Plano Diretor atual; uma lista das atividades promovidas pela Comissão em eventos científicos; uma discussão sobre a avaliação da produção científica. A renovação dos representantes de instituições que integram a Comissão resultou no aumento do número de integrantes, bem como da diversidade regional, tornando-a a única das comissões da Abrasco com representação institucional em todas as regiões do País. Essa expansão se deu em meio a um contexto singular na política científica nacional, já que os critérios de avaliação da produção científica vigentes, predominantemente quantitativos, estavam sendo contestados.

ABSTRACT Continuing initiatives to make the Committee of Social and Human Sciences of the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (Abrasco) more inclusive and plural, such as the cycle of symposia during the administration 2014-2016, the management experience in this Committee during the period 2017-2019 will be presented with the purpose of highlighting its priorities, achievements, and challenges. A documental analysis of the master plans and records of activities promoted by this Committee at scientific events was conducted, resulting in the division of the text in three parts: a comparative analysis of its current Master Plan; a list of the activities promoted by this Committee at scientific events; a discussion on the evaluation of scientific production. The renewal of the institutions' representatives that are part of the Committee increased the number of memberships as well as a bigger regional diversity, which made this Committee the only of the three committees in the Association with institutional representation in all regions of the country. This expansion occurred in the middle of a very singular context in the national scientific policy, since the prevailing evaluation criteria of scientific production, usually quantitative, were being questioned.

(In)visibilidades da saúde da população LGBT no Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (PPSUS), Brasil / (In)visibility of the health concerning the LGBT population in the Research Program for the SUS (PPSUS), Brazil / (In)visibilidades de la salud de la población LGBT en el Programa de Investigación para el SUS (PPSUS), Brasil

Uma das importantes conquistas para consolidação da democracia no Brasil foi a criação e a efetivação da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI). Neste artigo, interessa relacionar a LAI, a institucionalização da Política Nacional de Informação e Informática em Saúde e o Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (PPSUS), privilegiando as Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAP), um dos atores deste Programa do Ministério da Saúde (MS). O método utilizado para o estudo foi a realização de um levantamento de editais publicados e de projetos de pesquisa contemplados no PPSUS, voltados para a instituição da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (PNSILGBT). Ao observar, nos sites das instituições mencionadas, os registros de projetos de pesquisa relacionados à saúde da população LGBT, valorizou-se a dimensão da usabilidade, apreendendo desorganização nas apresentações dos editais e dos resultados, o que proporciona ineficiência na sua operacionalização e na funcionalidade das formulações de políticas no campo da saúde.

One of the important achievements for consolidation of the democracy in Brazil was the LAI ­ Lei de Acesso à Informação (access to information law) passed by Brazilian government and its implementation. In this article, we intend to examine how the LAI, the institutionalization of the Política Nacional de Informação e Informática em Saúde (a national policy on health information) and the PPSUS ­ Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (research program for the SUS) are related, favouring the FAP ­ Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (foundations for research support), one of the actors of this program developed by Ministry of Health of Brazil. A survey of published call for proposals and research projects selected by the PPSUS aiming the institution of the PNSILGBT ­ Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (national integral health policy for lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transvestites and transsexuals) was carried out. Observing the research registers about the health of the LGBT population on sites of mentioned institutions, from the perspective of the usability dimension, we identified a disorganization in the presentations of the call for proposals and their result, providing inefficiency in their viability and in the performance of the policy formulation in health field aiming the LGBT population.

Una de las importantes conquistas para la consolidación de la democracia brasileña fue la creación y la realización de la LAI - Lei de Acesso à Informação (ley de acceso a la información). En este artículo buscamos relacionar la LAI, la institucionalización de la Política Nacional de Informação e Informática em Saúde (política nacional de información en salud) y el PPSUS - Programa de Pesquisa para o SUS (programa de investigación para el SUS), privilegiando las FAP - Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (fundaciones de auxilio a la investigación), uno de los actores de este programa del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. El método utilizado para el estudio apresentado aquí ha sido un levantamiento de llamadas públicas y de proyectos de investigación seleccionados en el PPSUS, destinados a la institución de la PNSILGBT ­ Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (política nacional de salud integral de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, travestis y transexuales. Al observar, en lo portal de las instituciones mencionadas, registros de proyectos de investigación relacionados con la salud de la población LGBT, del punto de vista de la dimensión de la usabilidad, concluimos que hay desorganización en las presentaciones de las llamadas públicas y de los resultados, lo que proporciona ineficiencia en su realización y en la funcionalidad de las formulaciones de políticas del gobierno en el campo de la salud.

Regulación, evaluación y uso racional de tecnologías sanitarias: el caso de los derivados de Cannabis Medicinal / Regulation, Assessment and Rational Use of Health Technologies: The Case of Medical Cannabis Derivatives

INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde 2016 se sancionaron y reglamentaron leyes sobre cannabis medicinal en Argentina. El cannabis es una droga psicoactiva que posee cientos de compuestos; el delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) y el cannabidiol (CBD) son los de mayor interés terapéutico. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el proceso de incorporación del cannabis en distintas provincias argentinas. MÉTODOS: Se relevó el marco legal, evidencias científicas, participación de los decisores, pacientes, ONG, protocolos de implementación, convenios, gestiones por importación, judicializaciones y normativas nacionales vigentes para la adquisición. RESULTADOS: Entre 2016 y 2017, cinco provincias sancionaron leyes sobre cannabis medicinal, algunas de ellas realizando consultas mutuas y compartiendo informes. En 2017 se sancionó la Ley Nacional 27350, reglamentada parcialmente. El uso de CBD en la epilepsia refractaria es la indicación con mayor evidencia de efectividad en estudios científicos, lo que se refleja en la mayoría de las legislaciones. En el país no se comercializan legalmente preparados de CBD, que deben importarse por vía de excepción y autorización de la Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesaria una política sanitaria que ofrezca mayor beneficio que riesgo y documentar los resultados en los pacientes tratados. RedArets ha presentado un marco para la cobertura explícita, colaborando en la elaboración de leyes en sus provincias

INTRODUCTION: A research ethics system is essential to protect the rights of research participants. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct research ethically to produce rapid results have demonstrated the need to strengthen this system. The objective of this study was to describe the state of the research ethics system of the Provinces of Argentina and the adaptations made due to the pandemic. METHOD: a survey was conducted with provincial research ethics committees or similar areas within the Ministries of Health of the provinces responsible for the oversight of research ethics review under their jurisdiction. RESULTS: sixteen of the 17 provinces surveyed responded. 93.7% of the provincial committees review human research and have standard operating procedures (SOPs). 68.7% register the research ethics committees (REC) in their jurisdiction. Seventy-five percent accredit RECs and 68.7% supervise them. 100% have a registry of health research in the jurisdiction, only 56.2% have public access. 81.2% carry out training activities. 100% adapted the SOPs to evaluate studies on COVID-19. DISCUSSION: the results show consolidated provincial systems. Transparency in research needs to be strengthened through public registration of research. Possibilities for improvement were identified to propose future actions

Sobre uma política de ciência e tecnologia para a saúde / On a policy of science and technology for health

RESUMO Frente ao conjunto de políticas de ciência e tecnologia existentes no Brasil, o texto reivindica um olhar diferenciado sobre a política de pesquisa em saúde. Isso decorre de sua magnitude física, de sua tradição histórica e de sua articulação com uma política pública de saúde na qual a intersetorialidade é valorizada. O texto se divide em três partes, precedidas de uma advertência sobre o impacto da conjuntura atual do País sobre a política geral de ciência e tecnologia. Em primeiro lugar, propõe uma abordagem metodológica para a definição das fronteiras da pesquisa em saúde. Em seguida, reivindica para o campo da saúde coletiva um papel de protagonismo na construção dessa política. Finalmente, apresenta e discute alguns desafios atuais postos para a política.

ABSTRACT Facing the Brazilian ongoing general science and technology policies, the text claims for a differentiated view on health research policy. This stems from its physical magnitude, its historical tradition, and its articulation with a public health policy in which intersectoriality is valued. The text is presented in three parts, preceded by a warning about the impact of current Brazilian situation on the general policy of science and technology. First, it proposes a methodological approach for the definition of health research boundaries. Then it claims for the field of Collective Health a leading role in the construction of this policy. Finally, it presents and discusses some of the current challenges posed to this politics.

How We Do Harm: Do Copyrighted Scales Benefit Research in the Developing World?

One of the most difficult challenges in carrying out global health research in the developing world is the issue of copyright protection of questionnaires. The current reality is that research in the developing world is often hampered by inadequate or even non-existent budgetary support. From our point of view, an additional hindrance to carrying out research in developing countries is the insistence by holders of questionnaire copyrights that they are paid for the use of their testing instruments. One adverse consequence of demands for compensation by copyright holders may be that worthwhile research is impeded or even prevented. It is argued that the practice of charging non-funded research projects for the use of copyrighted questionnaires denies inclusion of data on world minorities, and thus prevents the potential benefits that such data could provide. In this commentary, we focus on copyrighted instruments and the restrictions that they often represent for researchers in the developing world. More broadly, we argue that to the extent that research in the developing world is impeded by demands for developed world levels of compensation for the use of proprietary tests, the development of vital health programs that are designed to serve these populations can be adversely affected. Several strategies for rectifying inequities posed by current copyright policies are suggested for the promotion of health research in the developing world.

Avaliação das pesquisas nos cenários da atenção primária à saúde: produção, disseminação e utilização dos resultados / Evaluation of research in primary health care scenarios: production, dissemination and use of results

Resumo O artigo discorre acerca das implicações da pesquisa em saúde nos cenários da atenção primária à saúde (APS). Analisa o modo como o conhecimento produzido pela investigação científica repercute no cotidiano dos serviços da APS, dando ênfase aos processos de produção, disseminação e utilização dos resultados. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo avaliativo participativo do tipo estudo de caso, ancorado na teoria construtivista. Participaram da pesquisa profissionais de saúde da APS e gestores e técnicos da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Ceará e da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Fortaleza. Para a coleta das informações, utilizou-se a técnica do círculo hermenêutico-dialético e a análise do material empírico tomou como base a hermenêutica crítica. Nos resultados, são discutidos aspectos relacionados à escolha dos temas de pesquisa, à relevância das investigações e à utilização dos resultados para a tomada de decisão informada. Para superar os obstáculos encontrados para produção, disseminação e utilização dos resultados das pesquisas, sugere-se a elaboração de uma agenda de prioridades em pesquisa, em âmbito municipal, a partir da qual os problemas da APS seriam elencados, priorizados e investigados a partir de uma metodologia participativa, capaz de envolver todos os implicados.

Abstract The article discusses the implications of health research in Primary Health Care (PHC). It analyses how the knowledge produced by the scientific investigation impacts the PHC services routine, emphasizing results production, dissemination, and use processes. Therefore, a participatory research of case study type, anchored in the constructivist theory, was carried out. PHC health professionals, managers and technicians of the Health Secretariat of the State of Ceará, Brazil, and the Municipal Health Secretariat of Fortaleza participated in the study. The hermeneutic-dialectical circle technique was used to collect information, and the empirical material analysis was based on critical hermeneutics. In the results, aspects related to the choice of research topics, relevance of investigations, and the use of the results for well-informed decision-making are discussed. To overcome the obstacles found in the production, dissemination, and use of the research results, we suggest a research priority agenda be developed at the municipal level, from which the problems of PHC would be listed, prioritized, and investigated based on a participatory methodology, capable of engaging all those involved.

Processos e desafios da interação entre pesquisa e política na perspectiva dos pesquisadores / Processes and challenges of the interaction betweeen research and policy from the perspective of researchers

Resumo As políticas informadas por evidências podem produzir impactos sociais e econômicos e benefícios na equidade e na saúde. A interação dos pesquisadores na política depende de interesses dos atores sociais e de ambientes políticos favoráveis. Este artigo busca compreender os significados e as perspectivas de pesquisadores sobre os processos de interação entre cientistas e tomadores de decisão que influenciam o impacto da pesquisa na política de saúde. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, realizado em 2014, de análise de conteúdo para identificar os núcleos de sentido e as relações entre a pesquisa e a política. Baseou-se na abordagem do programa RAPID da Overseas Development Institute. Foram entrevistados 14 pesquisadores de projetos sobre morbimortalidade materna e neonatal financiados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Os pesquisadores orientaram-se para a produção de conhecimentos, o fortalecimento de capacidades de pesquisa e a divulgação dos resultados. Participaram, em algumas ocasiões, da definição de políticas de cuidado clínico e desempenho dos serviços de saúde. Apontaram barreiras para interatuar e produzir impactos na política devido às tensões do contexto político, econômico e social, às mudanças institucionais e organizacionais no setor saúde, e ao sistema de avaliação acadêmica.

Abstract Evidence-informed policies can produce social and economic impacts and equity and health benefits. Interaction between researchers in politics depends on the interests of social stakeholders and favorable political environments. This paper seeks to understand the meanings and researchers' perspectives of interaction processes between scientists and decision-makers that would influence the research impact on the health policy. This is a qualitative content analysis study conducted in 2014 to identify the core meanings and relationships between research and politics. The paper builds on the RAPID program approach of the Overseas Development Institute. Fourteen researchers who conducted maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality studies sponsored by the Health Ministry were interviewed. Researchers focused on the production of knowledge, strengthening of research capacities and dissemination of results. On some occasions, researchers also participated in the definition of clinical care policies and performance of health services. They pointed to barriers to interact and produce an impact on politics due to tensions in the political, economic and social context, as well as to institutional and organizational changes in the health sector and to the academic evaluation system.

Involving the public in health research in Latin America: making the case for mental health.

Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) has been increasingly encouraged in health services and research over the last two decades. Particularly strong evidence has been presented with regard to the impact that PPIE has in certain research areas, such as mental health. Involving the public in mental health research has the potential to improve the quality of research and reduce the power imbalance between researchers and participants. However, limitations can be frequent and include tokenistic involvement and lack of infrastructure and support. Nevertheless, PPIE has the potential to impact mental health research in the Latin American context, where existing policies already support public involvement in health research and where the burden of mental disorders is significant. There are many lessons to learn from the evidence of PPIE in other regions. Latin America now has the opportunity to tackle one of today's most important issues: effective health care service delivery for all, based on evidence from comprehensive health research.

En los últimos 20 años, se ha fomentado cada vez más la participación y el compromiso de los pacientes y el público en los servicios de salud y las investigaciones en el campo de la salud. Se ha presentado evidencia parti­cularmente contundente con respecto a la repercusión de esta participación y compromiso en ciertas áreas de investigación, como la salud mental. Incluir al público en las investigaciones sobre salud mental tiene el potencial de mejorar la calidad de las investigaciones y reducir el desequilibrio de poder entre los investigadores y los participantes. Sin embargo, con frecuencia hay limitaciones, entre las cuales se encuentran la participación simbólica y la falta de infraestructura y apoyo. No obstante, la participa­ción y el compromiso de los pacientes y el público pueden tener una repercusión importante en las investigaciones sobre salud mental en América Latina, donde las políticas vigentes ya apoyan la participación del público en las investigaciones de salud y la carga de los trastornos mentales es significativa. Se puede aprender mucho de la evidencia acerca de este tipo de participación y compromiso en otras regiones. Actualmente América Latina tiene la oportunidad de abordar uno de los problemas más importantes de hoy: cómo prestar servicios eficaces de atención de salud que estén al alcance de todos y se basen en la evidencia derivada de investigaciones en el ámbito de la salud.

O envolvimento e a participação dos pacientes e do público (EPPP) vêm sendo incentivados cada vez mais nos serviços de saúde e em pesquisas nas duas últimas décadas. Existem evidências sólidas que demonstram a repercussão do EPPP em certas áreas de pesquisa como saúde mental. Envolver o público em pesquisa de saúde mental tem o potencial de melhorar a qua­lidade das pesquisas e reduzir o desequilíbrio de poder entre ­pesquisadores e participantes. Porém, frequentemente são observadas limitações como o envolvimento simbólico e a falta de infraestrutura e de apoio. Contudo, o EPPP podem ter impacto na pesquisa em saúde mental no contexto latino-americano, onde existem políticas que apoiam o envolvimento do público em pesquisa em saúde e onde o ônus dos transtornos mentais é considerável. Muitos ensinamentos podem ser tirados das evidências obtidas com o EPPP em outras regiões. A América Latina tem agora a oportunidade de lidar com uma das questões atuais mais importantes: a prestação eficiente de serviços de saúde para todos, com base em evidências obtidas de pesquisas abrangentes de saúde.

Involving the public in health research in Latin America: making the case for mental health / Participación del público en las investigaciones de salud en América Latina: su importancia en el ámbito de la salud mental / Envolvimento do público em pesquisa em saúde na América Latina: um argumento a favor da saúde mental

SUMMARY Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) has been increasingly encouraged in health services and research over the last two decades. Particularly strong evidence has been presented with regard to the impact that PPIE has in certain research areas, such as mental health. Involving the public in mental health research has the potential to improve the quality of research and reduce the power imbalance between researchers and participants. However, limitations can be frequent and include tokenistic involvement and lack of infrastructure and support. Nevertheless, PPIE has the potential to impact mental health research in the Latin American context, where existing policies already support public involvement in health research and where the burden of mental disorders is significant. There are many lessons to learn from the evidence of PPIE in other regions. Latin America now has the opportunity to tackle one of today's most important issues: effective health care service delivery for all, based on evidence from comprehensive health research.

RESUMEN En los últimos 20 años, se ha fomentado cada vez más la participación y el compromiso de los pacientes y el público en los servicios de salud y las investigaciones en el campo de la salud. Se ha presentado evidencia parti­cularmente contundente con respecto a la repercusión de esta participación y compromiso en ciertas áreas de investigación, como la salud mental. Incluir al público en las investigaciones sobre salud mental tiene el potencial de mejorar la calidad de las investigaciones y reducir el desequilibrio de poder entre los investigadores y los participantes. Sin embargo, con frecuencia hay limitaciones, entre las cuales se encuentran la participación simbólica y la falta de infraestructura y apoyo. No obstante, la participa­ción y el compromiso de los pacientes y el público pueden tener una repercusión importante en las investigaciones sobre salud mental en América Latina, donde las políticas vigentes ya apoyan la participación del público en las investigaciones de salud y la carga de los trastornos mentales es significativa. Se puede aprender mucho de la evidencia acerca de este tipo de participación y compromiso en otras regiones. Actualmente América Latina tiene la oportunidad de abordar uno de los problemas más importantes de hoy: cómo prestar servicios eficaces de atención de salud que estén al alcance de todos y se basen en la evidencia derivada de investigaciones en el ámbito de la salud.

RESUMO O envolvimento e a participação dos pacientes e do público (EPPP) vêm sendo incentivados cada vez mais nos serviços de saúde e em pesquisas nas duas últimas décadas. Existem evidências sólidas que demonstram a repercussão do EPPP em certas áreas de pesquisa como saúde mental. Envolver o público em pesquisa de saúde mental tem o potencial de melhorar a qua­lidade das pesquisas e reduzir o desequilíbrio de poder entre ­pesquisadores e participantes. Porém, frequentemente são observadas limitações como o envolvimento simbólico e a falta de infraestrutura e de apoio. Contudo, o EPPP podem ter impacto na pesquisa em saúde mental no contexto latino-americano, onde existem políticas que apoiam o envolvimento do público em pesquisa em saúde e onde o ônus dos transtornos mentais é considerável. Muitos ensinamentos podem ser tirados das evidências obtidas com o EPPP em outras regiões. A América Latina tem agora a oportunidade de lidar com uma das questões atuais mais importantes: a prestação eficiente de serviços de saúde para todos, com base em evidências obtidas de pesquisas abrangentes de saúde.

Maximising value from a United Kingdom Biomedical Research Centre: study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Biomedical Research Centres (BRCs) are partnerships between healthcare organisations and universities in England. Their mission is to generate novel treatments, technologies, diagnostics and other interventions that increase the country's international competitiveness, to rapidly translate these innovations into benefits for patients, and to improve efficiency and reduce waste in healthcare. As NIHR Oxford BRC (Oxford BRC) enters its third 5-year funding period, we seek to (1) apply the evidence base on how best to support the various partnerships in this large, multi-stakeholder research system and (2) research how these partnerships play out in a new, ambitious programme of translational research. METHODS: Organisational case study, informed by the principles of action research. A cross-cutting theme, 'Partnerships for Health, Wealth and Innovation' has been established with multiple sub-themes (drug development, device development, business support and commercialisation, research methodology and statistics, health economics, bioethics, patient and public involvement and engagement, knowledge translation, and education and training) to support individual BRC research themes and generate cross-theme learning. The 'Partnerships' theme will support the BRC's goals by facilitating six types of partnership (with patients and citizens, clinical services, industry, across the NIHR infrastructure, across academic disciplines, and with policymakers and payers) through a range of engagement platforms and activities. We will develop a longitudinal progress narrative centred around exemplar case studies, and apply theoretical models from innovation studies (Triple Helix), sociology of science (Mode 2 knowledge production) and business studies (Value Co-creation). Data sources will be the empirical research studies within individual BRC research themes (who will apply separately for NHS ethics approval), plus documentary analysis and interviews and ethnography with research stakeholders. This study has received ethics clearance through the University of Oxford Central University Research Ethics Committee. DISCUSSION: We anticipate that this work will add significant value to Oxford BRC. We predict accelerated knowledge translation; closer alignment of the innovation process with patient priorities and the principles of responsible, ethical research; reduction in research waste; new knowledge about the governance and activities of multi-stakeholder research partnerships and the contexts in which they operate; and capacity-building that reflects the future needs of a rapidly-evolving health research system.